安全操作與防護?

Safe operation and protection

在工業(yè)生產中，操作精萘時應確保生產設備及容器的密閉性，防止精萘蒸氣或粉末外逸。工作場所要設置強制通風設施，及時排出可能泄漏的精萘蒸氣，降低空氣中的濃度。操作人員必須佩戴合適的防護裝備，如防護手套、護目鏡、防護服以及防毒面具等。防護手套應選擇具有良好化學防護性能的材質，如丁腈橡膠手套，能夠有效阻隔精萘與皮膚的接觸。護目鏡要能全面保護眼睛，防止精萘粉塵或蒸氣進入眼睛。防護服要做到全身覆蓋，減少皮膚暴露面積。防毒面具則應根據工作環(huán)境中精萘的濃度，選擇合適的過濾元件，確保能夠有效過濾萘蒸氣。在操作過程中，嚴禁煙火，因為精萘易燃，與空氣可形成爆炸性混合物，當達到一定濃度時，遇火星便會發(fā)生爆炸。此外，要定期對工作場所的空氣進行檢測，確保精萘濃度符合國家規(guī)定的職業(yè)接觸限值標準。目前，我國規(guī)定工作場所萘的最大容許濃度為 10×10?? 。一旦發(fā)生精萘泄漏，應立即采取應急措施，疏散周圍人員，隔離泄漏污染區(qū)，切斷火源。對于少量泄漏，可使用砂土、蛭石等惰性材料吸收；對于大量泄漏，則應構筑圍堤或挖坑收容，用泡沫覆蓋，降低蒸氣災害，并使用防爆泵轉移至專用收集容器中，進行妥善處理。?

In industrial production, the sealing of production equipment and containers should be ensured when operating refined naphthalene to prevent the escape of refined naphthalene vapor or powder. The workplace should be equipped with forced ventilation facilities to promptly discharge possible leaked naphthalene vapor and reduce the concentration in the air. Operators must wear appropriate protective equipment, such as gloves, goggles, protective clothing, and gas masks. Protective gloves should be made of materials with good chemical protection properties, such as nitrile rubber gloves, which can effectively block the contact between naphthalene and the skin. Goggles should be able to fully protect the eyes and prevent naphthalene dust or vapor from entering the eyes. Protective clothing should cover the entire body and reduce the exposed area of the skin. Gas masks should select appropriate filtering elements based on the concentration of naphthalene in the working environment to ensure effective filtration of naphthalene vapor. During the operation, smoking and fireworks are strictly prohibited, as naphthalene is flammable and can form explosive mixtures with air. When it reaches a certain concentration, it will explode upon contact with Mars. In addition, it is necessary to regularly test the air in the workplace to ensure that the concentration of naphthalene meets the occupational exposure limit standards set by the country. At present, the maximum allowable concentration of naphthalene in the workplace in China is 10 × 10 ??. Once a refined naphthalene leak occurs, emergency measures should be taken immediately, surrounding personnel should be evacuated, the contaminated area should be isolated, and the fire source should be cut off. For small leaks, inert materials such as sand and vermiculite can be used to absorb them; For a large amount of leakage, it is necessary to build a dike or dig a pit to receive it, cover it with foam to reduce the steam disaster, and use an explosion-proof pump to transfer it to a special collection container for proper treatment. ?

儲存與運輸?

Storage and transportation

精萘的儲存和運輸也需要嚴格遵循相關規(guī)范。儲存時，應將精萘放置在陰涼、通風的庫房中，遠離火種、熱源。庫房溫度不宜超過 30℃，相對濕度不宜超過 80%。精萘應與氧化劑、食用化學品等分開存放，切忌混儲。儲存區(qū)域應配備相應品種和數(shù)量的消防器材，以及泄漏應急處理設備。在運輸方面，液體萘一般采用槽車運輸，運輸過程中要確保槽車的密封性，防止液體泄漏。固體精萘通常用牛皮紙袋裝，每袋凈重 25kg ，運輸時要避免包裝袋破損，防止精萘散落。運輸車輛應配備相應的消防器材和泄漏應急處理設備，運輸途中要防曝曬、雨淋，防高溫。無論是儲存還是運輸，都要嚴格遵守相關法規(guī)和標準，確保精萘在整個流通過程中的安全性。

The storage and transportation of refined naphthalene also need to strictly follow relevant regulations. When storing, refined naphthalene should be placed in a cool and ventilated warehouse, away from sources of fire and heat. The temperature in the warehouse should not exceed 30 ℃, and the relative humidity should not exceed 80%. Naphthalene should be stored separately from oxidants, edible chemicals, etc., and should not be stored together. The storage area should be equipped with corresponding types and quantities of fire-fighting equipment, as well as emergency response equipment for leaks. In terms of transportation, liquid naphthalene is generally transported by tank trucks, and the sealing of the tank trucks should be ensured during transportation to prevent liquid leakage. Solid naphthalene is usually packaged in kraft paper bags, with a net weight of 25kg per bag. During transportation, it is important to avoid damaging the packaging bags to prevent the naphthalene from scattering. Transport vehicles should be equipped with corresponding fire-fighting equipment and emergency response equipment for leaks. During transportation, they should be protected from exposure to sunlight, rain, and high temperatures. Whether it is storage or transportation, relevant regulations and standards must be strictly followed to ensure the safety of refined naphthalene throughout the entire circulation process.

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